Steps Toward Expressive Programming Systems
Alan Kay et al at Viewpoints Research Institute (PDF) - a report of the fifth year of VPRI's NSA-funded research into building a complete personal computer software system, from GUI to CPU, in only 20,000 lines of code. More VPRI writings here. I don't see the code for this PDF in the VPRI Software Wiki, though the text says they have a live version of it. Very cool stuff.
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